China’s new rare-earth export controls have turned its dominance in the sector into a powerful strategic tool, extending restrictions to technology, equipment, and expertise that tighten global dependence.
The move has intensified tensions with the United States and its allies, highlighting how control over critical minerals now defines the balance of economic and geopolitical power.
Beijing announced sweeping controls over the rare earths business sector on October 9, 2025, followed by American sanctions over a slew of Chinese entities within hours.
Control over critical minerals now defines the balance of economic and geopolitical power.
Author's summary: China's rare-earth monopoly sparks geopolitical tensions.