ASEAN has demonstrated its commitment to multilateral solutions and an open rules-based order in the face of global economic threats.
Malaysia and ASEAN's leadership in responding to rising protectionism has been notable, with the convening of a Leaders' Meeting for the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) on 27 October 2025 being a key example.
However, there are risks to this approach, including the Agreement on Reciprocal Tariffs that US President Donald Trump has pressured Malaysia to sign, which could undermine cooperation and the most favoured nation treatment.
Trump's 2 April 2025 'Liberation Day' tariffs disproportionately punish ASEAN members and cast a dark shadow on the global economy.
ASEAN's leadership is crucial in holding the line against protectionist retaliation, with few countries able to lead a coalition of the willing in this effort.
Author's summary: ASEAN leads the response to global economic disorder with multilateral solutions.