Counting the Caged: What India’s Prison Data Refuses to See
Two years after the NCRB’s Prison Statistics India 2023 report was published, the numbers still read less like history and more like prophecy.
The NCRB Prison Statistics Report, 2023, detailed an already stressed carceral system, housing 5.82 lakh inmates in a system sanctioned for 4.25 lakh, with undertrial prisoners making up almost 78% of all prisoners.
Other than numbers and statistics being added to the data, nothing changed substantively between the original numbers and now.
In 2025, the country is still engaged in political debate regarding bail reform, while jails and prisons swell with people who have not been found guilty of a crime.
The NCRB declared it “overcrowding.”
However, rights defenders saw something much broader, which was the institutionalization of inequality.
For the world’s largest democracy, wealth as a means of obtaining freedom is possible, but liberty is now a luxury.
Author summary: India's prison system remains overcrowded.
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